PORADNIK JĘZYKOWY
ISSUE 6 / 2016
ARTICLES AND DISSERTATIONS
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Piotr Zbróg : The continuity and change in the codifi ed language standard in the past century
This paper presents selected types of changes which
have occurred in the codified language standard over
the past hundred years. They are described based on
the material excerpted from dictionaries of proper
language use beginning with Słowniczek błędów
językowych... (Mini dictionary of language errors…)
by A. Passendorfer (1904), and ending with Wielki
słownik poprawnej polszczyzny PWN (PWN great
dictionary of proper use of Polish) (2004). A part of the
analysed material has been selected systematically
and a part of it has been excerpted at random.
The material has been classified into specific
subgroups – from examples illustrating insignificant
changes in the codified standard to units
representing almost revolutionary transformations
occurring there (a form which used to be correct, e.g.
- dożywotny (lifelong)
, has become incorrect today,
whereas the incorrect one, e.g. dożywotni, has
become the standard one). A background against
which the changes are presented are the units for
which the prescriptive guidelines have remained
the same in the examined period.
Eliza Czerwińska : Stylistic exponents of incommunicativeness of official texts
The object of the paper is an analysis of stylistic
exponents of uncommunicativeness of official texts.
The research carried out on this variant of the Polish
language to date have usually described, analysed
and explained linguistic phenomena from the cultural
and linguistic perspective. This approach does not
fully explain which features of the official style
determine its incomprehensibility. The resolution of
this issue is facilitated by the attempt made in this
paper in order to answer the question of the extent
to which the official style meets the criteria of
a communicative style, the canons of which include:
clarity, simplicity, conciseness, dynamics, specificity,
constructiveness, and appropriateness.
As follows from the analysis, there are
phenomena in the official language that are the
opposite of the features enumerated above. They
include i.a.: logical and grammatical incoherence of
paragraphs and sentences, expanded single and
compound statements, analytical structures and
linguistic conventions, impersonal verb forms and no
personal subject, abstract nouns, genitive series,
nominalisation and errors in the text structure. Such
properties arise to a large extent from typical features
of the official style.
Barbara Sobczak : Standards of politeness and changes in public (not only) language behaviour
The paper takes up the issue of violating politeness
standards in public speeches of politicians. Politeness
strategies depend on the intentions of the sender and
the circumstances accompanying a particular
interaction. They are therefore determined by their
purpose and rhetorical situation. An analysis of
selected examples of public discourse demonstrates
that intentional violations of the principles of
politeness, notably regarding the approval and
kindness for the partner, showing the desire to be in
their company and increasing their self-esteem, serve
two functions. Firstly, they are part of the politicians'
image strategy; secondly, they make the message
more attractive and ensure politicians presence in
the media. They can therefore be useful from the
viewpoint of individual public actors. However, the
negative consequence of breaking the rules of social
politeness publicly involves loosening the standards
and values governing people’s lives both as a
community and as individuals. The limit of permitted
behaviours has shifted and fewer things are
considered shocking. And the lack of reference points
means that there is no certainty as to what rules
should be followed.
Iwona Sołtys : Pronunciation standard. Teaching challenges.
This paper presents an attempt at analysing
phenomena regarding changes in the pronunciation
standard from the teaching viewpoint. It discusses
basic problems involved in the speech technique and
pronunciation errors made by students of acting. The
research aimed at presenting the current status of
the standard from the perspective of the current
transformations of the Polish language. The auditory
method was applied in the analysis.
Jolanta Szpyra-Kozłowska : Language-internal mechanisms of phonological adaptation of English loanwords into Polish
The paper is dedicated to an analysis of languageinternal
factors which have an impact on the
phonological adaptation of English loanwords into
Polish, an issue that has so far either been neglected
or superficially approached in the relevant literature.
The author discusses first phonological factors, such
as similarities and differences between native and
foreign sound and phoneme inventory, phonological
conditioning of phoneme substitutions, the role of
phonotactic constraints and phonological processes
of Polish in the assimilation of Anglicisms. Next, the
impact of various morphological and lexical
determinants of the phenomenon in question is
examined. It is shown that the mechanisms behind
some adaptations involve pressure from the
inflectional and derivational systems for loan stems to
end in consonants, membership of borrowings in
some lexico-semantic word classes (common vs
proper nouns) and phonological levelling within the
same morphemes. Ample evidence is provided for
the above types of dependencies.
POLISH GRAMMAR
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Wanda Decyk-Zięba : Uczebnik polskago jazyka (Guide to the Polish language) by Tomasz Kurhanowicz
REVIEWS
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Przemysław Wiatrowski : Bogusław Dunaj, Gramatyka współczesnego języka polskiego. Część 1. Fonetyka i fonologia (Grammar of the contemporary Polish language. Part 1. Phonetics and phonology), Tarnów 2015
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Julita Śmigielska : Laura Polkowska, Język prawicy (The language of the right wing), Warszawa 2015
EXPLANATIONS OF WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
WORDS AND PHRASES